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• The course instructors and the WHY we developed this course!
• The two components of the course (hint: diagnostic AND treatment)
• How we incorporate evidence into the course and not just from the physical therapy literature but ALL of the professions!  How comprehensive is that?!

• The concept of "overlap" in regards to musculoskeletal and neurological conditions
• The concept of "single and double entity" in regards to the diagnosis of Cervicogenic Dizziness
• The prevalence rates of Cervicogenic Dizziness in the following conditions:
  • Myofascial Pain
  • Spondylosis
  • Concussion
  • Whiplash-Associated Disorders

• How basic science was needed initially to consider a possibility of Cervicogenic Dizziness
• A short history of basic science studies to link the cervical spine to the vestibular system

• The difference between pain related and proprioceptive related categories of cervical spine disturbance.
• The 4 different hypothesis behind the pathogenesis of Cervicogenic Dizziness.
• The role of proprioception in controlling balance and head and neck orientation.
• The role of abnormal and impaired proprioception of the cervical spine.
• The role of the upper cervical joints and suboccipital musculature in the pathogenesis of Cervicogenic Dizziness.
• The sensory (neural) mismatch theory.
• The efference copy and reafference principle.

• The clinical framework decision-making approach for Cervicogenic Dizziness.
• The rule of diagnosis of exclusion for Cervicogenic Dizziness.
• The history of Clinical Examination frameworks in the literature.
• The introduction of the Optimal Sequence Algorithm to diagnose Cervicogenic Dizziness.

• The Canadian C-Spine Rules
• The clinical metrics associated with the Canadian C-Spine Rules

• The top down approach for cranial nerve testing
• How to perform Cranial nerves 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 5 and 1

• Spontaneous Nystagmus
• Cranial Nerve 2 Test
• Cranial Nerve 3, 4 and 6 : H Test
• Smooth Pursuits
• Saccades 
• Cover / Uncover Test
• Cross Cover Test
• Convergence/Divergence Test
• Head Thrust Test
• HINTS Examination

• The two most common confused diagnoses associated with Cervicogenic Dizziness.
• The relationship of vascular influences and BPPV.
• Vascular insufficiency concerns of the vertebrobasilar system and entire cervical artery system.
• The overlap of location of symptoms of headache/neck pain between vascular, soft tissue and joint systems.
• The definition of cervical artery dysfunction (CADF).

• Why not to use the VBI test first in your screen
• The history of linking manual therapy to a stroke
• Current understanding of spontaneous dissection
• Intrinsic subjective examination factors in regards to cervical artery dysfunction, including recent events, past medical history and age

• Characteristics of dizziness that warrant referral. 
• Symptom latency, duration and fatiguability definitions.
• Different characteristics of dizziness latency, duration and fatiguability between Cervicogenic Dizziness, BPPV and VBI.

• The role of indirect assessment of the hemodynamics of the cervical artery system, including: 
  • blood pressure
  • heart rate
  • ausculation
  • cranial nerve examination

• The role of direct assessment of the hemodynamics of the cervical artery system, including: 
  • full physiological cervical rotation test
  • modified vertebral artery test
  • vertebral artery test
  • premanipulative hold test

• Clinical Prediction rule of 
  • Gait Deviations
  • Inverted Supinator Sign
  • Hoffman's Sign
  • Babinski Test

• Modified Sharp Purser Test
• Anterior Translation Test
• Alar Ligament Test
• Upper Cervical Flexion Test

• The SOSTONED criteria for:
  • Vestibular neuritis
  • Meniere's disease
  • BPPV
• BPPV risk factors and symptoms
• Alexander's Law
• Oculomotor exam for peripheral and central disorders
• Head Thrust Test

• The different inclusion criteria for Cervicogenic Dizziness in the literature
• Problems associated with a diagnosis of Cervicogenic Dizziness.
• The use of the Dizziness Handicap Inventory to assist in ruling in or ruling out Cervicogenic Dizziness.
• The risk factors most commonly seen in Cervicogenic Dizziness, including
  • comorbidities
  • patient characteristics
  • historical events
  • common descriptors of what patients say
• SO STONED mnemonic to assist in diagnosing Cervicogenic Dizziness
• TiTrate model to assist in diagnosing Cervicogenic Dizziness

• The "data points" that are taken from a seated active range of motion examination.
• The 8 range of motion tests to perform on your patients.
• Which range of motion test(s) are most common to reproduce symptoms in Cervicogenic Dizziness.
• Where most patients "feel" the movements who have Cervicogenic Dizziness.
• Seated C1-2 mobility test as a screen for AA mobility.

• The use of overpressure, if necessary, after active range of motion in cardinal planes seated. 
• The examination of C1-2 mobility with the flexion-rotation test.
• The examination of C0-1 mobility with the "nod" test.

• Passive accessory mobility of the upper cervical spine (C0-2)
• The lateral glide test of the mid-cervical spine (C2-7)

• Myofascial trigger points in the sternocleidomastoid muscle. 
• Myofascial trigger points in the suboccipital muscles. 
• Myofascial trigger points in the paraspinal muscles. 
• Myofascial trigger points in the upper trapezius muscle. 

• The head on neck differentiation test.
• Cervical torsion test
• Clinical version of the smooth pursuit neck torsion test (SPNNT)
• Cervical relocation tests, including joint position error testing.
• Cervical movement sense tests.

• The neck flexion endurance test for deep cervical flexor testing. 
• The neck endurance test for deep cervical extensor testing. 
• The head steadiness test for motor control testing of the cervical spine.
• Additional 4 minute video describing other strategies that can be used clinically in screening for cervical motor function

• Non-invasive management as first choice 
• Bottoms-up approach to treating Cervicogenic Dizziness.
• The 4 stages of Cervicogenic Dizziness Management.

• The 4 big questions needed to answer to treat a specific diagnoses of Cervicogenic Dizziness.
• The multiple systematic reviews demonstrating usage of manual therapy for management of Cervicogenic Dizziness.

• The evidence for which type of joint procedures have been studied to effectively treat Cervicogenic Dizziness. 
• The evidence for which joint (C0-1, C1-2, C2-3, C4-7) have been studied to effectively treat Cervicogenic Dizziness. 
• Detailed analysis of the most popular study on treatment of Cervicogenic Dizziness.
• Detailed analysis of the manual assessment of Carrasco-Uribarren et al 2020 with reasoning to why we recommend treating Cervicogenic Dizziness with the Physio Blend. 

• The evidence for which type of soft tissue procedures have been studied to effectively treat Cervicogenic Dizziness. 
• The evidence for which soft tissues/muscles have been studied to effectively treat Cervicogenic Dizziness. 
• 4 aspects to consider when choosing muscles to treat in Cervicogenic Dizziness, including:
  • Muscle Spindle Density
  • Analysis of Muscles at the Occiput level 
  • Anatomically and biomechanically defining the muscles of interest
  • Acupuncture relationship to soft tissue points
• Detailed analysis of the randomized control trial by Wang et al 2018with reasoning to why we recommend treating Cervicogenic Dizziness with the Physio Blend. 

• Epicranial Aponeurosis / Galea Aponeurotica point
• Sternocleidomastoid, Splenius Capitis, Longissimus Capitis point
• Semispinalis Capitis point
• Instrument assisted soft tissue mobilization in prone
• Ischemic compression techniques in prone
• Soft tissue mobilization techniques in supine

• C0-1
• C2-3
• T2-7

• Functional rotation mobilization
• Functional extension mobilization
• Sample exercise programs and considerations for deep cervical flexor re-training
• Sample exercise programs and considerations for deep cervical extensor re-training

• Smooth Pursuit
• Saccades
• VOR 1 and VOR 2
• Optokinetic Training
• Cervical considerations with vestibular rehabilitation 

• Sensorimotor processes and how it relates to the cervical spine
• Postural stability and how it relates to the cervical spine
• Science and research behind Sensorimotor Training 
• Sample programs and sensorimotor exercise considerations for patients with Cervicogenic Dizziness